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Both user-defined and shell variables are local to the process that declares them first. If you want these variables to be accessible to a shell script that you want to execute from your login shell, you need to explicitly make the variables available to the calling environment of the child process. You can make a variable s value available to child processes by using the export command in the Korn and BASH shells. In the C shell, you use the setenv command to do the same thing. Here s an example that shows how to use the export command to make the value of a variable available to a child process: $ export ORACLE_HOME =/u03/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/orcl The following sequence would achieve the same results as the preceding export command: $ ORACLE_HOME =/u03/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/orcl $ export ORACLE_HOME In the C shell, you use the setenv command to set a variable s value, as shown here: $ setenv ORACLE_HOME= /u03/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/orcl

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dll")] static double XYZGetData(XYZHandle^ xyzHandle); .. rest of class definition }; The two P/Invoke functions defined here provide custom marshaling XYZConnect returns an XYZHandle^ The managed-to-unmanaged thunk for this function performs several steps: 1 It creates a new instance of XYZHandle This instance will later be passed as the return value to the managed caller 2 It starts a CER 3 In this CER, it calls the native function 4 In this CER, it assigns the returned handle to the XYZHandle object created in step 1 5 It finishes the CER The managed-to-unmanaged thunk for the function XYZGetData does not need to start a CER, because it does not assign a native handle to an XYZHandle object Instead, it simply marshals the XYZHandle^ argument to a native HXYZ type The following code shows the complete class definition Notice that the constructor initializes the xyzHandle field by calling the P/Invoke function XYZConnect.

UNIX programs and commands can be run in two entirely different ways: interactive mode is when you log in and type your commands directly to the screen; batch mode is when you run your commands or an entire program at once, usually by using executable shell scripts in the form of UNIX text files.

Since the cron entry started with set -x, the subsequent commands executed while the jobs run were expanded and printed as they were executed. This is a valuable feature when you have to debug a job. Any output from the job will be mailed in the same way. Even though this is useful output, many cron users redirect all output to /dev/null because once the job is in place they don t want to become desensitized by too many routine e-mail messages that don t indicate a problem. A typical job might look like this:

Type env at the system prompt, and your entire set of environment variables will scroll by on the screen. Here s an example: $ env PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/user/config/bin

ORACLE_PATH=/u01/app/oracle/admin/dba/sql ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 ORACLE_SID=prod1 TNS_ADMIN=/u01/app/oracle/product/network TERM=vt100 $ To see the value of one specific environment variable, rather than the entire set (which can be a fairly long list in a real-world production system), you can ask the shell to print the variable s value to the screen by using the echo command: $ echo $ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.0.0/db_1 $ Note that in the echo command, the $ precedes the environment name so that the command will print the value of the variable, not the name of the variable itself.

Both the Bourne shell and the Korn shell use the profile file to set the values for all shell variables The profile file executes when you first log in to the UNIX or Linux system The C shell executes the cshrc file every time you invoke a new C shell The cshrc file is a short file with generic C shell commands that should work with any flavor of UNIX with only minor modifications This means that you could have essentially the same cshrc file on all UNIX systems you use Your cshrc file is executed whenever you open a terminal window in a UNIX or Linux environment, or when you execute a script You can add commands in the cshrc file (using a text editor like vi) that will make your work in UNIX more productive The C shell also executes the contents of the .